Teach 1976

Project bibliography

Sources of the project “Canada Put to the Test of the World”: Montreal 1976 and the African boycott.

Start here

Fifteen readings selected by the team as an entry point.

  1. Bancel, Nicolas. “Boycott des Jeux olympiques de Montréal en 1976 : l’émergence d’une puissance africaine ?” The Conversation, June 13, 2024. https://theconversation.com/boycott-des-jeux-olympiques-de-montreal-en-1976-lemergence-dune-force-africaine-231080.
    ↓
  2. Bancel, Nicolas, Pascal Blanchard, Gilles Boëtsch, Daphné Bolz, Yvan Gastaut, Sandrine Lemaire, and Stéphane Mourlane, eds. Une histoire mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024). Paris: Atlande, 2023. https://achac.com/programme/sports-et-diversites/publication/une-histoire-mondiale-de-lolympisme-1896-2024.
    ↓
  3. Brosseau, Louis. Les athlètes africains sur la place Rouge : Jeux olympiques de Moscou, guerre froide et diplomatie sportive. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2026.
    ↓
  4. CBC News. “What the 1976 Montreal Games Represent to Those Who Boycotted It, 50 Years Later.” July 19, 2026. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/what-the-1976-montreal-games-represent-to-those-who-boycotted-it-50-years-later-9.7269452.
    ↓
  5. Charitas, Pascal. “L’unité du monde sportif africain face à l’olympisme : influences et interdépendances dans la création du Conseil supérieur du sport en Afrique (1960-1966).” Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 158 (2023): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.4000/chrhc.22511.
    ↓
  6. Cleveland, Todd. Africa and the Olympics: Winning Away from the Podium. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2024. https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/ohio-wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/19102358/Cleveland_AfricaOlympics_Introduction.pdf.
    ↓
  7. Cornelissen, Scarlett. “Resolving ‘the South Africa Problem’: Transnational Activism, Ideology and Race in the Olympic Movement, 1960-91.” International Journal of the History of Sport 28, no. 1 (2011): 153–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2011.525312.
    ↓
  8. Ivey, James Alexander. “From Montreal to Moscow: The Legacy of the Anti-Apartheid Olympics on the Boycott of the Cold War Games (1976-1980).” Thèse de doctorat, University of California San Diego, 2024. https://escholarship.org/content/qt1sw7z4wk/qt1sw7z4wk.pdf.
    ↓
  9. Kidd, Bruce. “The Culture Wars of the Montreal Olympics.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 27, no. 2 (1992): 151–64.
    ↓
  10. Mason, Courtney W. “The Bridge to Change: The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, South African Apartheid Policy, and the Olympic Boycott Paradigm.” In Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games, edited by Gerald P. Schaus and Stephen R. Wenn, 283–96. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2007. https://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Books/O/Onward-to-the-Olympics.
    ↓
  11. Monnin, Éric, and Catherine Monnin. “Le boycott politique des Jeux olympiques de Montréal.” Relations internationales, no. 134 (2008): 93–114.
    ↓
  12. Nixon, Rob. “Apartheid on the Run: The South African Sports Boycott.” Transition, no. 58 (1992): 68–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2934968.
    ↓
  13. Richards, Trevor. “The Sunday Essay: The 1976 Montreal Boycott.” The Spinoff, December 12, 2021. https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/12-12-2021/the-sunday-essay-the-1976-montreal-boycott.
    ↓
  14. Roult, Romain, and Sylvain Lefebvre. “Planning and Reconversion of Olympic Heritages: The Montreal Olympic Stadium.” International Journal of the History of Sport 27, nos. 16–18 (2010): 2731–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.508257.
    ↓
  15. Sikes, Michelle M. “African Precedents: Southern Africa and Olympic Ultimatums, 1968-1976.” Journal of Olympic Studies 7, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5406/26396025.7.1.02.
    ↓
300 records of 300

Primary sources (53)

Books and chapters (40)

  • Association des comités nationaux olympiques d’Afrique (ACNOA). L’Afrique aux Jeux olympiques. 2nd ed. Abuja: ACNOA, n.d. https://www.calameo.com/books/00279302205558844882b.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Auf der Maur, Nick. The Billion-Dollar Game: Jean Drapeau and the 1976 Olympics. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1976.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Bancel, Nicolas, Pascal Blanchard, Gilles Boëtsch, Daphné Bolz, Yvan Gastaut, Sandrine Lemaire, and Stéphane Mourlane, eds. Une histoire mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024). Paris: Atlande, 2023. https://achac.com/programme/sports-et-diversites/publication/une-histoire-mondiale-de-lolympisme-1896-2024.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Bigalke, Zachary R. “The Birth of the Springboks.” In Sports in African History, Politics, and Identity Formation, edited by Michael J. Gennaro and Saheed Aderinto, 152–66. Londres: Routledge, 2019.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Black, David R., and John Nauright. Rugby and the South African Nation: Sport, Cultures, Politics and Power in the Old and New South Africas. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Black, David R., and Byron Peacock. “Sport and Diplomacy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, edited by Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur, 708–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Bolsmann, Chris. “Entrenching Apartheid Football and Failed Sports Diplomacy: Recalcitrance, Reform, and Retreat, 1951-1977.” In Soccer Diplomacy: International Relations and Football since 1914, edited by Heather L. Dichter. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179513.001.0001.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Booth, Douglas. The Race Game: Sport and Politics in South Africa. Londres: Frank Cass, 1998.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Bothwell, Robert. Alliance and Illusion: Canada and the World, 1945-1984. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Bouchet, Patrick, and Mohammed Kaach, eds. Afrique francophone et développement du sport : du mythe à la réalité ? Paris: L’Harmattan, 2004. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9782296356764_A24219668/preview-9782296356764_A24219668.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Brosseau, Louis. Les athlètes africains sur la place Rouge : Jeux olympiques de Moscou, guerre froide et diplomatie sportive. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2026.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Catsam, Derek Charles. “Rugby Transformation as Alibi: Thoughts on Craven and Coetzee.” In Sports in Africa, Past and Present, edited by Todd Cleveland, Tarminder Kaur, and Gerard Akindes, 233–48. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2020.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Cleveland, Todd. Africa and the Olympics: Winning Away from the Podium. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2024. https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/ohio-wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/19102358/Cleveland_AfricaOlympics_Introduction.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • D’Agati, Philip A. The Cold War and the 1984 Olympic Games: A Soviet-American Surrogate War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Dubinsky, Karen, Adele Perry, and Henry Yu. “Introduction: Canadian History, Transnational History.” In Within and Without the Nation: Canadian History as Transnational History, edited by Karen Dubinsky, Adele Perry, and Henry Yu, 3–24. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Dufraisse, Sylvain. Une histoire sportive de la guerre froide. Paris: Nouveau Monde éditions, 2023.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Griffin, Danielle. “The Political and Diplomatic Legacy of the Montréal Olympics.” In Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy: Meeting the Challenge of Major Sports Events, edited by Richard Holt and Dino Ruta, 301–12. Londres: Routledge, 2015.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Guttmann, Allen. The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Hain, Peter. Don’t Play with Apartheid: The Background to the Stop the Seventy Tour Campaign. Londres: George Allen & Unwin, 1971.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Harvey, Jean, and Hart Cantelon, eds. Not Just a Game: Essays in Canadian Sport Sociology. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1988.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Hershberg, James. “Breaking the Ice: Alexei Kosygin and the Secret Background of the 1972 Hockey Summit Series.” In The Whole World Was Watching: Sport in the Cold War, edited by Robert Edelman and Christopher Young, 59–72. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Hiller, Harry. “The Olympics as an Iconic Event: The Question of National Unity and the Vancouver 2010 Games.” In How Canadians Communicate V: Sports, edited by David Taras and Christopher Waddell, 157–73. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press, 2016.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Hulme, Derick L. The Political Olympics: Moscow, Afghanistan, and the 1980 U.S. Boycott. New York: Praeger, 1990.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Keys, Barbara J. “The Early Cold War Olympics, 1952-1960: Political, Economic and Human Rights Dimensions.” In East Plays West: Sport and the Cold War, edited by Stephen Wagg and David L. Andrews, 19–40. Londres: Routledge, 2007.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Killanin, Lord. My Olympic Years. Londres: Secker & Warburg, 1983.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Kobierecki, Michał Marcin. Sports Diplomacy: Sports in the Diplomatic Activities of States and Non-State Actors. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2020.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Lapchick, Richard E. The Politics of Race and International Sport: The Case of South Africa. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1975.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson. The Olympic Games: A Critical Approach. Bingley: Emerald Publishing, 2020.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Macintosh, Donald, and Michael Hawes. Sport and Canadian Diplomacy. Montréal et Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Macintosh, Donald, and David Whitson. The Game Planners: Transforming Canada’s Sport System. Montréal et Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Mason, Courtney W. “The Bridge to Change: The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, South African Apartheid Policy, and the Olympic Boycott Paradigm.” In Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games, edited by Gerald P. Schaus and Stephen R. Wenn, 283–96. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2007. https://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Books/O/Onward-to-the-Olympics.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Murray, Stuart. Sports Diplomacy: Origins, Theory and Practice. Londres: Routledge, 2018.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Richards, Trevor. Dancing on Our Bones: New Zealand, South Africa, Rugby and Racism. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 1999.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Rider, Toby C. Cold War Games: Propaganda, the Olympics, and U.S. Foreign Policy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. Dropping the Torch: Jimmy Carter, the Olympic Boycott, and the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/dropping-the-torch/69E05864542D18300A049DADE8C7BAF2.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Scherer, Jay. “The Cold War and the (Re)Articulation of Canadian National Identity: The 1972 Canada-USSR Summit Series.” In East Plays West: Sport and the Cold War, edited by Stephen Wagg and David L. Andrews, 163–86. Londres: Routledge, 2007.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Thibault, Lucie, and Katherine Babiak. “Athlete Development and Support.” In Sport Policy in Canada, edited by Lucie Thibault and Jean Harvey, 147–76. Ottawa: Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 2013. https://books.openedition.org/uop/706?lang=en.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Thibault, Lucie, and Jean Harvey, eds. Sport Policy in Canada. Ottawa: Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 2013.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Thomas, Damion L. Globetrotting: African American Athletes and Cold War Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Toohey, Kristine, and A. J. Veal. The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2007. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20083095699.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink

Theses (7)

Scholarly articles (53)

  • Alegi, Peter, and Chris Bolsmann. “From Apartheid to Unity: White Capital and Black Power in the Racial Integration of South African Football, 1976-1992.” African Historical Review 42, no. 1 (2010): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17532523.2010.483783.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Beamish, Rob, and Ian Ritchie. “From Chivalrous ‘Brothers-in-Arms’ to the Eligible Athlete: Changed Principles and the IOC’s Banned Substance List.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, no. 4 (2004): 355–71.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Black, David. “Dreaming Big: The Pursuit of ‘Second Order’ Games as a Strategic Response to Globalization.” Sport in Society 11, no. 4 (2008): 467–78.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Booth, Douglas. “Hitting Apartheid for Six? The Politics of the South African Sports Boycott.” Journal of Contemporary History 38, no. 3 (2003): 477–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009403038003008.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Bumbaru, Dinu. “Montréal Olympic Park (1976): A Living Heritage (or the Rediscovery of an Unloved Giant That Hosted Heroic Moments).” ICOMOS – Hefte Des Deutschen Nationalkomitees 76 (2021): 78–86. https://doi.org/10.11588/ih.2020.1.84602.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Cha, Victor D. “A Theory of Sport and Politics.” International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 11 (2009): 1581–610.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Chapman, Jessica M. “Running to School: U.S.-Kenyan Athletic Pipelines in the 1970s.” Diplomatic History 48, no. 1 (2024): 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhad059.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Charitas, Pascal. “L’unité du monde sportif africain face à l’olympisme : influences et interdépendances dans la création du Conseil supérieur du sport en Afrique (1960-1966).” Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 158 (2023): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.4000/chrhc.22511.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Clément, Dominique. “The Transformation of Security Planning for the Olympics: The 1976 Montreal Games.” Terrorism and Political Violence 29, no. 1 (2017): 27–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.987342.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Cornelissen, Scarlett. “Resolving ‘the South Africa Problem’: Transnational Activism, Ideology and Race in the Olympic Movement, 1960-91.” International Journal of the History of Sport 28, no. 1 (2011): 153–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2011.525312.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Ford-Eriksson, Michelle, and Anthony Edgar. “Baden-Baden 1981: The Athletes’ Voice.” Journal of Olympic History 29, no. 3 (2021). https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/JOH-3.21_OK_comp_screen.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Grix, Jonathan, and Barrie Houlihan. “Sports Mega-Events as Part of a Nation’s Soft Power Strategy: The Cases of Germany (2006) and the UK (2012).” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 16, no. 4 (2014): 572–96.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Henry, Ian, and Mansour Al-Tauqi. “The Development of Olympic Solidarity: West and Non-West (Core and Periphery) Relations in the Olympic World.” International Journal of the History of Sport 25, no. 3 (2008): 355–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360701739770.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Horne, John, and Wolfram Manzenreiter. “An Introduction to the Sociology of Sports Mega-Events.” Sociological Review 54, no. 2 (2006): 1–24.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Ivey, James Alexander. “‘Welcome, Ali, Please Go Home’: Muhammad Ali as Diplomat and African Debates on the 1980 Moscow Olympic Boycott.” African Studies Review 66, no. 2 (2023): 490–508. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2022.111.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Kidd, Bruce. “The Campaign against Sport in South Africa.” International Journal 43, no. 4 (1988): 643–64. https://vlex.co.uk/vid/the-campaign-against-sport-874294513.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Kidd, Bruce. “The Culture Wars of the Montreal Olympics.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 27, no. 2 (1992): 151–64.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Kidd, Bruce. “The Toronto Olympic Commitment: Towards a Social Contract for the Olympic Games.” Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 1 (1992): 154–67.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Kobierecki, Michał Marcin. “Boycott of the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games as an Example of Political Play-Acting of the Cold War Superpowers.” Polish Political Science Yearbook 44 (2015): 93–111. https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2015008.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Kobierecki, Michał Marcin. “Sport in International Relations: Expectations, Possibilities and Effects.” International Studies: Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 15, no. 1 (2013): 49–74. https://doi.org/10.2478/ipcj-2013-0004.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Krieger, Jörg. “The Evolution of Rule of Law in the Olympic Movement and the International Olympic Committee’s Shift toward Legal Expertise (1972-1994).” International Sports Law Journal 25, no. 3 (2025): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-025-00296-x.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Little, Charles. “Preventing ‘A Wonderful Break-Through for Rhodesia’: The British Government and the Exclusion of Rhodesia from the 1968 Mexico Olympics.” Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 14 (2005). https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/4390/download.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Lotter, Duncan. “Rediscovering the South African Games: A Neglected Chapter in South African Sports History.” Historia 70, no. 1 (2025): 45–73. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2025/v70n1a3.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Macintosh, Donald, and Michael Hawes. “The IOC and the World of Interdependence.” Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 3 (1994): 1–19.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • MacLean, Malcolm. “Revisiting (and Revising?) Sports Boycotts: From Rugby against South Africa to Soccer in Israel.” International Journal of the History of Sport 31, no. 15 (2014): 1832–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.934680.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Mahoney, Anne. “Compte Rendu de Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games.” Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games. Electronic Antiquity 11, no. 2 (n.d.). https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V11N2/Mahoney.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Martinache, Igor. “Compte rendu de Une histoire mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024).” Une Histoire Mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024). Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 158 (2023). https://journals.openedition.org/chrhc/22816.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • McDougall, Hamish. “‘The Whole World’s Watching’: New Zealand, International Opinion, and the 1981 Springbok Rugby Tour.” Journal of Sport History 45, no. 2 (2018): 202–23. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.45.2.0202.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Monnin, Éric, and Catherine Monnin. “Le boycott politique des Jeux olympiques de Montréal.” Relations internationales, no. 134 (2008): 93–114.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Mustikawati, Retno. “The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) 1963: The Olympics of the Left.” International Journal of Culture and History 6, no. 2 (2020). https://www.ijch.net/vol6/144-ED5006.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Nixon, Rob. “Apartheid on the Run: The South African Sports Boycott.” Transition, no. 58 (1992): 68–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2934968.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Njororai, Wycliffe W. Simiyu. “Analysis of Kenya’s Performance at the Olympic Games in Track and Field (1956-2016), Reasons for Success and the Need for Event Diversification.” Kenya Studies Review 8, no. 1 (2020). https://kessa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Njororai.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Olaleye, Olugbile David. “Sports as an Instrument of Foreign Policy under the Military Rule in Nigeria: 1976-1996.” African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 6, no. 2 (2023): 125–38. https://doi.org/10.52589/AJLPRA-OWS2LXU8.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Payne, Andrew. “Sport, Diplomacy and International Relations.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 1, no. 3 (2006): 177–80.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Pei, Dongguang. “A Question of Names: The Solution to the ‘Two Chinas’ Issue in Modern Olympic History: The Final Phase, 1971-1984.” https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/13582/download.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Pound, Richard W. “Side-Swiped: The IOC and the China Issue at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.” Journal of Olympic History 20, no. 1 et n° 2 (2012). https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/JOH-Archives/JOHv20n1j.pdf.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Pyo, Sungsoo, Raymond Cook, and Richard L. Howell. “Summer Olympic Tourist Market: Learning from the Past.” Tourism Management 9, no. 2 (1988): 137–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(88)90023-4.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Rademeyer, Cobus. “‘No Normal Sport in an Abnormal Society’: Sports Isolation and the Struggle against Apartheid in South African Sport, 1980-1992.” Journal for Contemporary History 25, no. 1 (2000): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v25i1.4092.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Révauger, Guilène. “The Commonwealth Games: A Sporting Encounter Just for the Sport of It?” Alizés : Revue Angliciste de La Réunion, 2023. https://univ-reunion.hal.science/hal-04349553/document.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Rice, Andrew. “Canada and the 1980 Moscow Olympics Boycott.” Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 31 (2022): 30–42. https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/23186/download.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Rider, Toby C., and Matthew P. Llewellyn. “‘Every Practical Step’: The Gleneagles Agreement and Sporting Links with Apartheid South Africa during the Thatcher Years.” Journal of Policy History 38, no. 2 (2026): 161–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030625100560.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Roult, Romain, and Sylvain Lefebvre. “Planning and Reconversion of Olympic Heritages: The Montreal Olympic Stadium.” International Journal of the History of Sport 27, nos. 16–18 (2010): 2731–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.508257.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Roult, Romain, Sylvain Lefebvre, and Jean-Marc Adjizian. “Régénération urbaine et développement territorial par le sport : le cas du Parc olympique de Montréal.” Norois, no. 230 (2014): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.4000/norois.5020.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Seteolu, Bamidele, and James Okuneye. “The Struggle for Hegemony in Africa: Nigeria and South Africa Relations in Perspectives, 1999-2014.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 11, no. 3 (2017): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPSIR2016.0899.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Sikes, Michelle M. “African Precedents: Southern Africa and Olympic Ultimatums, 1968-1976.” Journal of Olympic Studies 7, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.5406/26396025.7.1.02.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Sikes, Michelle. “Ousting South Africa: Olympic Clashes of 1968.” Acta Academica 50, no. 2 (2018): 12–33. https://doi.org/10.18820/24150479/aa50i2.1.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Sikes, Michelle. “Print Media and the History of Women’s Sport in Africa: The Kenyan Case of Barriers to International Achievement.” History in Africa 43 (2016): 323–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.28.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Smith, Maureen. “Examining ‘The Rhodesian Affair’: The IOC and African Politics in the 1970s.” In The Body Politic and the Olympic Games. n.d. https://digital.la84.org/digital/api/collection/p17103coll10/id/13613/download.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Strong, R. A. “Compte Rendu de Dropping the Torch: Jimmy Carter, the Olympic Boycott, and the Cold War.” Dropping the Torch: Jimmy Carter, the Olympic Boycott, and the Cold War. Journal of American History 98, no. 2 (2011): 587. https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jar198.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Tirop, Chepchirchir. “Building Legacy: Sports, Kasarani Stadium, and Moi’s Transnational Populist Politics, 1978-87.” Journal of African History 66 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853725100698.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Wassong, Stephan. “The International Olympic Committee’s Tripartite Commission and Its Influence on the Foundation of the Athletes’ Commission.” International Journal of the History of Sport 35, no. 9 (2018): 836–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2018.1471064.
    Consulted by the teamPermalink
  • Wenn, Stephen R. “A Tale of Two Diplomats: George S. Messersmith and Charles H. Sherrill on Proposed American Participation in the 1936 Olympics.” Journal of Sport History 16, no. 1 (1989): 27–43.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink
  • Whitson, David, and Donald Macintosh. “The Global Circus: International Sport, Tourism, and the Marketing of Cities.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 20, no. 3 (1996): 278–95.
    Research list (SSHRC)Permalink

Reports (5)

Essays and popular writing (17)

Period press (1961-1991) (25)

Contemporary media (34)

Databases and websites (57)

Second-hand references (9)

  • Bancel, Nicolas. “Montréal 1976, l’affirmation d’une ‘puissance africaine’ ?” In Une histoire mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024), edited by Nicolas Bancel, 239–50. Paris: Atlande, 2023.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Brosseau, Louis. “Moscou 1980 : la séduction olympique de l’Afrique.” Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Laval, 2024.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Cissé, Sylvère-Henri. “[Contribution].” In Une histoire mondiale de l’olympisme (1896-2024), edited by Nicolas Bancel. Paris: Atlande, 2023.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Commission d’enquête sur le coût de la 21e Olympiade (commission Malouf). Rapport. Québec: Éditeur officiel du Québec, 1980.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Espy, Richard. The Politics of the Olympic Games. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Hill, Christopher R. Olympic Politics. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Macintosh, Donald, Donna Greenhorn, and David Black. “Canadian Diplomacy and the 1978 Edmonton Commonwealth Games.” Journal of Sport History 19 (1992): 26–55.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Nauright, John. Long Run to Freedom: Sport, Cultures and Identities in South Africa. Morgantown: Fitness Information Technology, 2010.
    Known through citationPermalink
  • Sikes, Michelle M. Kenya’s Running Women: A History. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2023.
    Known through citationPermalink

IDÉES-AFRIQUE · Updated : 2026-10-24